Psychology Notes In Urdu' title='Psychology Notes In Urdu' />Raga Wikipedia. This article is about melodic modes in Indian music. For subgenre of reggae music, see Ragga. A raga performance at Collge des Bernardins, France. A raga or raaga IAST rga also raag or ragam  literally coloring, tingeing, dyeing is akin to a melodic mode in Indian classical music. While the raga is a remarkable and central feature of classical Indian music tradition, it has no direct translation to concepts in the classical European music tradition. Kb 3248s17gt 87. 21 Kb 3248s17qp1 1. Mb 3248s17ms1 267. Kb 3248s17qp2 2. 45 Mb. The Best Pakistan Studies Geography O Level Notes compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease. Psychology Notes In Urdu' title='Psychology Notes In Urdu' />Each raga is an array of melodic structures with musical motifs, considered in the Indian tradition to have the ability to color the mind and affect the emotions of the audience. A raga consists of at least five notes, and each raga provides the musician with a musical framework. The specific notes within a raga can be reordered and improvised by the musician, but a specific raga is either ascending or descending. Counter Insurgency Targeting Program. Each raga has an emotional significance and symbolic associations such as with season, time and mood. The raga is considered a means in Indian musical tradition to evoke certain feelings in an audience. Psychology Notes In Urdu' title='Psychology Notes In Urdu' />Allama Iqbal Open University AIOU Key Books are available of all Course codes according to University syllabus. Key Books from Matric to Post Graduate Programs. AQA provides qualifications that enable students to progress to the next stage in their lives. We also support teachers to develop their professional skills. Topic Wise REET Mathematics Subject Notes PDF in Hindi candidate can download REET exam notes topic wise of mathematics subject for both levels i. An MHRD, under its National Mission on Education through ICT NMEICT, has assigned work to the UGC for development of econtent in 77 subjects at postgraduate level. Best Urdu books PDF free download, Islamic books, famous Urdu novels online reading ebooks, Sindhi books, Poetry books, Digital library online books. Hundreds of raga are recognized in the classical Indian tradition, of which about 3. Each raga, state Dorothea E. Hast and others, has its own unique melodic personality. There are two main classical Indian music traditions, North Indian Hindustani and South Indian Carnatic, and the concept of raga is shared by both. Raga are also found in Sikh traditions such as in Guru Granth Sahib, the primary scripture of Sikhism. Similarly it is a part of the qawwali tradition found in Sufi Islamic communities of South Asia. Some popular Indian film songs and ghazals use rgas in their compositions. EtymologyeditThe Sanskrit word raga Sanskrit has Indo European roots, as reg which connotes to dye. It is found in Greek, Persian, Khwarezmian and other languages, in variants such as raxt, rang, rakt and others. The words red and rado are also related. TerminologyeditRga Sanskrit, states Monier Monier Williams, comes from a Sanskrit word for the act of colouring or dyeing, or simply a colour, hue, tint, dye. The term also connotes an emotional state referring to a feeling, affection, desire, interest, joy or delight, particularly related to passion, love, or sympathy for a subject or something. In the context of ancient Indian music, the term refers to a harmonious note, melody, formula, building block of music available to a musician to construct a state of experience in the audience. The word appears in the ancient Principal Upanishads of Hinduism, as well as the Bhagavad Gita. For example, verse 3. Maitri Upanishad and verse 2. Mundaka Upanishad contain the word raga. The Mundaka Upanishad uses it in its discussion of soul Atman Brahman and matter Prakriti, with the sense that the soul does not color, dye, stain, tint the matter. The Maitri Upanishad uses the term in the sense of passion, inner quality, psychological state. The term raga is also found in ancient texts of Buddhism where it connotes passion, sensuality, lust, desire for pleasurable experiences as one of three impurities of a character. Alternatively, raga is used in Buddhist texts in the sense of color, dye, hue. Raga groups are called Thaat. The term raga in the modern connotation of a melodic format occurs in the Brihaddeshi by Matanga dated ca. The Brihaddeshi describes raga as a combination of tones which, with beautiful illuminating graces, pleases the people in general. According to Emmie Te Nijenhuis, a professor in Indian musicology, the Dattilam section of Brihaddeshi has survived into the modern times, but the details of ancient music scholars mentioned in the extant text suggest a more established tradition by the time this text was composed. The same essential idea and prototypical framework is found in ancient Hindu texts, such as the Naradiyasiksa and the classic Sanskrit work Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni, whose chronology has been estimated to sometime between 5. BCE and 5. 00 CE, probably between 2. BCE and 2. 00 CE. Bharata describes a series of empirical experiments he did with the Veena, then compared what he heard, noting the relationship of fifth intervals as a function of intentionally induced change to the instruments tuning. Bharata states that certain combination of notes are pleasant, certain not so. His methods of experimenting with the instrument triggered further work by ancient Indian scholars, leading to the development of successive permutations, as well as theories of musical note inter relationships, interlocking scales and how this makes the listener feel. Bharata discusses Bhairava, Kaushika, Hindola, Dipaka, Sr. I raga, and Megha. Bharata states that these have the ability to trigger a certain affection and the ability to color the emotional state in the audience. His encyclopedic Natyashastra links his studies on music to the performance arts, and it has been influential in Indian performance arts tradition. The other ancient text, Naradiyasiksa dated to be from the 1st century BCE, discusses secular and religious music, compares the respective musical notes. This is earliest known text that reverentially names each musical note to be a deity, describing it in terms of varna colors and other motifs such as parts of fingers, an approach that is conceptually similar to the 1. Guidonian hand in European music. The study that mathematically arranges rhythms and modes raga has been called prastara. Khan 1. Quote. the Sanskrit word prastara, which means mathematical arrangement of rhythms and modes. In the Indian system of music there are about the 5. The modes are called Ragas. In the ancient texts of Hinduism, the term for the technical mode part of Raga was Jati. Later, Jati evolved to mean quantitative class of scales, while Raga evolved to become a more sophisticated concept that included the experience of the audience. A figurative sense of the word as passion, love, desire, delight is also found in the Mahabharata. The specialized sense of loveliness, beauty, especially of voice or song, emerges in classical Sanskrit, used by Kalidasa and in the Panchatantra. History and significanceeditThe classical Indian music has ancient roots, and it primarily developed due to the reverence for arts, for both spiritual moksha and entertainment kama purposes in Hinduism. The Buddha discouraged music aimed at entertainment, but encouraged chanting of sacred hymns. The various canonical Tipitaka texts of Buddhism, for example, state Dasha shila or ten precepts for those following the Buddhist spiritual path. Among these is the precept recommending abstain from dancing, singing, music and worldly spectacles. Buddhism does not forbid music or dance to a Buddhist layperson, but its emphasis has been on chants, not on musical raga. Raga, along with performance arts such as dance and music, has been historically integral to Hinduism, with some Hindus believing that music is itself a spiritual pursuit and a means to moksha liberation. Ragas, in the Hindu tradition, are believed to have a natural existence. Artists dont invent them, they only discover them. Music appeals to human beings, according to Hinduism, because they are hidden harmonies of the ultimate creation. Some of its ancient texts such as the Sama Veda 1. BCE are structured entirely to melodic themes,3. Rigveda set to music. Wo Yaqeen Ka Aik Naya Safar by Farhat Ishtiaq Urdu Novel PDF. Free Ebooks Online. Read online another Urdu romantic story or novel title name of this book Wo Yaqeen Ka Aik Naya Safar written by your famous Pakistani writer Farhat Ishtiaq, Wo Yaqeen Ka Aik Naya Safar Novel is another awesome Urdu story. It is an excellent story which in reality gives another birth to the human sentiments. 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